This chapter describes how you can set up a SLIP or a PPP session
from your Netstation
so that you can:
- Work from home
- Work from a remote office
You can make two types of connections:
To be able to set up a SLIP or PPP session from your Netstation, the following
extensions must be loaded:
- SLIP extension, if you are using SLIP
- PPP extension, if you are using PPP
- Serial port hardware driver.
To have these extensions automatically loaded when each Netstation is booted,
you can edit the directives file. Refer to Using Downloadable Extensions for more
information about editing the directives file.
To load these extensions for a particular Netstation, follow these steps:
- Press and hold
[F12]
to access the configuration screens.
- Select
[Terminal]
.
- Select
[Extensions]
.
- Check to make sure that the SLIP, PPP, and serial lines say "Active".
If these lines say anything else, follow these steps:
- Click on the appropriate extension line.
- Click on
[Load Next Boot]
. "Userload" appears.
- Repeat these two steps for each extension is not "Active".
- Click on
[Apply]
.
- Reboot your Netstation.
This section describes how to set up SLIP or PPP for
a back-to-back configuration
as illustrated below.
Location A
represents
a networked office environment.
Location B
represents a remote location such as a home office.
SLIP or PPP Back-to-back Configuration
Note:
Before you take the remote Netstation to its intended location,
you may wish to set up the local and remote Netstations side-by-side
to verify that the session works properly.
Perform the following steps:
If necessary, refer to the
Optimizing Performance or SLIP and PPP Troubleshooting sections for further information.
Gather all necessary equipment, including:
- 2 HP Netstations (one with a flash DIMM card)
- 2 modems (or equivalent functionality through leased lines).
Modems must be high-speed and capable of supporting the following
modem standards:
- For data transmission:
- V.34 for 28,800 bps, or
- V.32 bis for 14,400 bps.
- For error control:
- For data compression:
- 2 serial cables
- 2 telephone lines.
Before you begin, make sure you:
- Identify one Netstation as local, the other as remote.
- Ensure that the remote Netstation has a flash DIMM card installed.
Use the Flash File Manager (ffm
)
to program the flash DIMM card with an appropriate
fileset for the remote Netstation
(for example, one of the standard packages).
On the local Netstation, do the following:
- Press and hold
[F12]
to access the configuration screens.
- Select
[Terminal]
, then [Serial (1)]
or [Serial (2)]
.
- Specify the baud rate, data bits,
stop bits, parity, and flow control that are required by your modem.
- Select
[Network]
, then [SLIP (1)]
, [SLIP (2)]
,
[PPP (1)]
, or [PPP (2)]
depending on whether you are using SLIP or PPP on port 1 or 2.
- Specify a local IP address and
remote IP address that are unique on the LAN.
On the remote Netstation, you will specify the same addresses, in reverse.
- Specify a subnet mask.
- If you are using SLIP, select
[Compression (CSLIP)]
.
On the remote Netstation, do the following:
- Press and hold
[F12]
to access the configuration screens.
- Select
[Terminal]
, then [Serial (1)]
or [Serial (2)]
.
- Specify the baud rate, data bits,
stop bits, parity, and flow control that are required by your modem.
- Select
[Network]
, then [SLIP (1)]
, [SLIP (2)]
,
[PPP (1)]
, or [PPP (2)]
depending on whether you are using SLIP or PPP on port 1 or 2.
- For the local IP address, specify the value that you specified
as the remote IP address on the local Netstation.
- For the remote IP address, specify the value that you specified
as the local IP address on the local Netstation.
- Specify the same subnet mask that you specified on the local Netstation.
- If you are using SLIP, select
[Compression (CSLIP)]
.
Note: If you are not using a modem, you can also select [Activate]
.
However, if you are using a modem, do not select [Activate]
until
Step 8: Set Up and Test the Modems.
- Select
[Gateways]
.
- Specify the IP address of the local Netstation as the gateway,
and
0.0.0.0
as the route.
Make sure the modems are configured correctly:
- If you are using a high-speed Hayes-compatible modem, the Escape Command
Mode (register 2) will usually be disabled (
s2=255
). If you leave
Escape Command Mode enabled, your SLIP or PPP session will be interrupted
as soon
as the modem detects an escape sequence (+++) anywhere in
the serial data stream.
- Set your modem's pacing to:
RTS/CTS
(consult your modem's documentation
for instructions.)
If the Netstations are not already booted, boot the local Netstation from
the network, and the remote Netstation from the flash DIMM. Refer to Troubleshooting the Flash DIMM
if you have trouble booting the Netstation from the flash DIMM.
Set up the routing information.
The following example shows how you could do this for
an HP-UX 9.x system.
- On the local Netstation, enter the following command:
route add net
remote_IP_address terminalname 1
where remote_IP_address is the address that you specified for
the remote Netstation and terminalname is the terminal name of the
local Netstation.
- Check that the routing information is correct by typing:
netstat -nr
You should see a route to the remote Netstation through the local Netstation
(with
the local Netstation acting as a gateway).
Connect the modems as follows:
- Connect the serial cable from one of the Netstation's serial ports to the
modem.
- Connect the telephone line to the modem.
- Ensure the modem is plugged in.
Connecting the Modem
Test the modem connection as follows:
- From the remote Netstation, press
[F12]
to access the configuration screens.
- Check that the serial and SLIP or PPP ports are the same. For example,
if you are using Serial (1), you must also use SLIP (1) or PPP (1).
- Start a local hpterm or xterm session.
- Type:
atdt <phone number of local modem>
- When you see a
CONNECTED
response on the remote Netstation's
serial terminal, close the terminal.
- Press and hold
[F12]
to access the configuration screens.
- Select
[Network]
, then [SLIP (1)]
, [SLIP (2)]
,
[PPP (1)]
, or [PPP (2)]
depending on whether you are using SLIP or PPP on port 1 or 2.
- Select
[Activate]
.
- When a login screen appears (approximately 35-45 seconds), log in as usual.
When you are using SLIP or PPP with your remote Netstation,
you will notice significant
performance improvements if you use:
- Local window managers (such as mwm or VUE/RX)
- Local terminal emulators (such as hpxt.hpterm or hpxt.xterm)
- Local applications (for example hpxt.xclock instead of the host-based
xclock).
If the two Netstations cannot communicate, try the following diagnostic
steps:
- Check that the cables to both modems are securely attached.
- Check that you can
ping
both Netstations.
- Check the log screens on both Netstations for errors or warning messages.
- Check routing information carefully (see suggested configuration above).
- Check that the serial sessions work before enabling SLIP or PPP on the
remote Netstation. To check the serial sessions, place both Netstations in
serial sessions
and type in text from one. The text should appear on the opposite serial
session screen.
- Check the serial port parameters for both Netstations.
- Check the SLIP or PPP parameters.
This section describes how to set up a SLIP or PPP connection between a
host computer and a Netstation.
Perform the following steps:
Note: These instructions apply to both SLIP and PPP, except where noted.
Make sure you review the following requirements:
- Use an HP 24542M cable to connect either serial port 1
(or serial port 2) to a modem.
- We have tested SLIP and PPP using V.32bis and V.42bis modems under compression
at the 38.4 kbps interface data rate.
For best performance, choose a modem that supports CCITT V.42.
In order for your host to run SLIP with an HP Netstation, the host must be
capable of supporting at least SLIP. Check with your host's documentation to
be sure. The following sections describe typical Netstation-to-host
SLIP configurations
using common SLIP packages available to each host.
To establish a PPP connection between a host and a Netstation, the host must
support PPP.
Beginning with HP-UX 10.30, HP-UX includes native PPP support.
For previous releases of HP-UX,
many users have used the widely-available Morning Star PPP.
The example in this section uses Morning Star PPP and
either of the following authentication protocols:
Connect the serial port, keeping in mind the following tips:
- If you are wiring the serial connector for a direct connection
to the host, you need to include modem signals
for signal assurance.
- Wiring pin 1 (DCD) provides signal
assurance from the host (or modem)
- Wiring pin 4 (DTR) provides signal assurance from the Netstation.
- Including modem controls assures correct disconnect and cleanup
of X server windows and clients over SLIP or PPP.
Note: Set the modem so that DTR is in normal mode. Do not set DTR to ON.
The hang up modem command does not work if DTR is ignored.
When you have completed connecting the serial port, refer to Step 3: Setting Up SLIP
or Step 3: Setting Up PPP as appropriate.
Note: For setup instructions for PPP, refer to Step 3: Setting Up PPP.
You can configure SLIP for HP-UX, Sun, and IBM AIX systems.
Refer to the appropriate section for details.
To set up SLIP on the host computer and the Netstation,
you need to complete the following tasks:
- Edit the
ppl.users
to map each user name to a single Netstation
serial-line IP address. This allows the dial-in user to invoke
PPL without specifying the Netstation's serial-line IP address.
- Edit the
ppl.remotes
to add the parameters to allow PPL
to set up a connection.
- Configure the hosts.
Note:
HP-UX 9.x does not support CSLIP. For more information on setting up SLIP,
refer to the HP AdvanceNet Using Serial Line Protocols.
- To edit the
ppl.users
file:
- Edit one of the following:
- For HP-UX 9.x,
/usr/lib/ppl/ppl.users
- For HP-UX 10.x,
/etc/ppl/ppl.users
- Add the login of the user and the identifier for the Netstation's
local SLIP address
using the following format:
<username> <hostname>
For example:
smith 192.81.1.2
jones jones700rx
The hostname
can be either the Netstation's serial-line IP address
or the Netstation's serial-line nodename, provided that the nodename is
listed in /etc/hosts
or the NIS database, or it is resolved using a domain name server.)
- Save and quit the file.
- To edit the
ppl.remotes
file:
- Edit one of the following:
- For HP-UX 9.x,
/usr/lib/ppl/ppl.remotes
- For HP-UX 10.x,
/etc/ppl/ppl.remotes
- Provide the information for all six fields shown in the following sample
ppl.remotes
file which has been edited for use with a Netstation:
192.81.1.2 # remote host name or Internet address (HP Netstation)
192.81.1.1 # local host name or Internet address (HP-UX host)
# Internet mask
SLIP # protocol [SLIP] [ASLIPC] [ASLIPS] [PPP]
DIALIN # type [DIRECT] [DIALIN] [DIALOUT] [DIALIN & DIALOUT]
# UUCP system name
NONE # line parity [EVEN] [ODD] [NONE]
# line speed
# serial line
# phone number
YES # modem control available [YES] [NO]
# login info
# command name
Note:
- The
remote host name or Internet address
is
the Netstation's serial-line Local IP address
.
The local host name or Internet address
is
the host computer serial-line IP address (named on the Netstation as the
serial-line Remote IP Address
).
- You cannot leave the remote host name field blank. The Netstation cannot use
an Internet address assigned by
ppl
from the ppl.ipool
file.
- If you have configured the host computer so that it always runs PPL and
the Netstation is connected directly through the serial port, then set
modem control available
to NO and set the serial line
.
- To configure the hosts:
- Verify that the serial-line
subnet is automatically added to the routing table of that host by typing:
- For HP-UX 9.x systems:
/usr/bin/netstat -r
- For HP-UX 10.x systems:
/usr/sbin/netstat -r
- To display clients from other hosts, these hosts need to know how to
reach the serial-line subnet through the host running the
ppl
session. To provide this information to each host, you can either set up
a static route
or run gated
, as described below:
- To add a static route to each host, edit their
/etc/netlinkrc
files
as follows. Add:
/etc/route add net
network_ppl_host 1
or
/etc/route add net
station_ppl_host 1
- To propagate routing information dynamically, run the
gated
daemon on each host by uncommenting the gated
lines in their
/etc/netbsdsrc
files.
Note:
To add a static route or propagate routing information on HP-UX 10.x systems,
edit the /etc/rc.config/netconf
file.
- When you complete setting up SLIP on an HP-UX system, refer to Step 4: Configuring a SLIP or PPP Session.
To set up SLIP to work with the Netstation, you need to edit
the /etc/hosts.slip
file.
(This is required for SLIP only, not for CSLIP.)
When sliplogin
runs, it finds the Netstation's serial-line IP address
associated with the user's login and the connection parameters
in the /etc/hosts.slip
file.
Note:
The instructions in this section assume that SLIP or CSLIP has
been installed and enabled on the host system.
SLIP and CSLIP packages are in the public domain and are available
from many ftp sites. At the time this manual was published, two
addresses were:
SLIP: ai.toronto.edu (128.100.1.104): pub/slip-4.0.tar.Z
CSLIP: ftp.uu.net:networking/ip/slip/cslip/cslipbeta.tar.Z
To edit the /etc/hosts.slip
file on the host computer:
- Edit the
/etc/hosts.slip
file to set up
your Netstations.
- Fill in the necessary information in the following format:
<username> normal <hostname> <station_name> <subnet mask>
where username
is the login of the user, hostname
is the
host computer, station_name
is the Netstation.
The subnet mask is optional. For example:
smith normal 192.81.1.1 192.81.1.2 255.255.255.240
jones normal sunslc jones700rx
Note: The hostname
and station_name
can be either the
serial-line IP address
or the serial-line terminal name, provided that the terminal name is
listed in /etc/hosts
or the Yellow Pages database, or it is
resolved using a domain name server.
- Now that you have completed setting up SLIP on your Sun system,
refer to Step 4: Configuring a SLIP or PPP Session.
To set up SLIP on an IBM system, you need to configure:
- the serial port driver
- the serial port IP address into the system files
- the RS/6000's serial port interface.
- To configure the
tty
for serial port 1 to get the
best performance from your Netstation, follow these steps:
- As superuser, run
smit
- Choose:
Devices
- Choose:
TTY
- Choose:
Change / Show Characteristics of a TTY
- Select:
tty0 Available 00-00-S1-00 Asynchronous Terminal
- Select:
Enable LOGIN
and set to disable
- Set the
BAUD rate
to a value appropriate for your system.
- If you have a direct connection, try
38400
.
- If you have a modem, choose an appropriate value.
- Click on
[OK]
.
- To configure the RS/6000 to know about the Netstation's serial line
IP address:
- As superuser, run
smit.
- Choose:
Communications Applications and Services
.
- Choose:
TCP/IP
.
- Choose:
Further Configuration
.
- Choose:
Name Resolution
.
- Choose:
Hosts Table (/etc/hosts)
.
- Choose:
Add a Host
.
- Fill in the
INTERNET ADDRESS
and HOST NAME
fields. (See the note
that follows.)
- Click on
[OK]
.
Note:
If your Netstation gets its X server code from a network, you
need to set up the Netstation's routing table so that the Netstation can
communicate both over the LAN and over the serial line. Setting up the
routing table is easiest if the LAN and the serial line are on different
networks.
- To configure the RS/6000's serial port interface:
- As superuser, run
smit.
- Choose:
Communications Applications and Services
- Choose:
TCP/IP
- Choose:
Further Configuration
- Choose:
Network Interfaces
- Choose:
Network Interface Selection
- Choose:
Add a Network Interface
- Choose:
Add a Serial Line INTERNET Network Interface
- Select:
tty0
- Fill in:
INTERNET ADDRESS
DESTINATION
Network MASK
fields.
- Set the following:
ACTIVATE the Interface after Creating it?
should be set to yes
TTY PORT for SLIP Network Interface
should be set to tty0
.
- If you use a modem, fill in the
BAUD RATE
and DIAL STRING
fields. Otherwise, leave both blank.
- Click on
[OK]
.
- Refer to Step 4: Configuring a SLIP or PPP Session.
Note: For setup instructions for SLIP, refer to Step 3: Setting Up SLIP.
You can set up your PPP session for HP-UX, Sun, and IBM AIX systems.
Refer to the appropriate section for details.
If you are using a version of HP-UX that is prior to HP-UX 10.30, you need
to install the Morning Star PPP package. Beginning with HP-UX 10.30, PPP
support is included with the HP-UX installation.
To set up PPP on your HP-UX system, you need to complete the following tasks:
- Determine which serial ports on the host are going to be used for answering
incoming calls.
- Connect your modem to this serial port.
- Log into your host as root.
- At the prompt, type:
sam
.
- When
sam
starts, complete the following:
- Select
[Peripheral Devices]
.
- Select
[Terminals and Modems]
.
- Under the
[Actions]
menu, select [Add Modem]
.
- Select the options you want for this serial port. In this example, the host
will be receiving incoming PPP calls, so enable the
Receive Incoming Calls
option. Be sure to set the baud rate to a speed that matches your modem.
Note: When selecting baud rates greater than 19200bps, it is important that
you turn on hardware flow control.
If you do not, there may be packet losses and
errors in transmission over the serial device.
On the host side, you can access the
serial devices in the /dev
directory. Typically, a serial device will be
named something similar to /dev/ttyd0p1
for a serial port connected to a
modem. In an HP-UX environment, the hardware flow-control
can only be turned on by
creating a new device file under /dev
using the mknod
command.
- When you have finished selecting the options, click on the
[OK]
button.
sam
creates the appropriate device files under /dev
for your serial port.
Note: If your version of getty
will not automatically answer
incoming calls,
you will have to configure the appropriate modem DIP switch
to automatically answer incoming
calls. Consult your HP-UX and modem documentation for details.
Your HP-UX system is now configured to accept incoming calls. Ensure that
your modem is connected to the phone lines. You can call this modem now (from a
terminal emulator or PC) and get a login prompt to your workstation.
Refer to Step 4: Configuring a SLIP or PPP Session.
- To set up PPP, refer to your system-specific PPP documentation.
- When you are finished, refer to Step 4: Configuring a SLIP or PPP Session.
To configure a SLIP or PPP session from the Netstation,
you will need to complete
the following steps:
- Load the X server from the LAN or from
a flash DIMM.
- Press and hold
[F12]
to access the configuration screens.
- Click on
[Network]
.
- Click on
[SLIP (1)]
, [SLIP (2)]
, [PPP (1)]
, or [PPP (2)]
depending on whether you are using SLIP or PPP on port 1 or 2.
- Enter the serial line network information.
Note: The instructions below assume that you want to communicate with
the host on the other side of the serial line.
If you are connecting to other hosts, see
Connecting to Other Hosts through the Serial Line.
- For
Local IP Address
, type in the Netstation's serial-line IP address.
- For
Remote IP Address
, type in the host computer serial-line IP address.
- For
Subnet mask
, type in the serial-line subnet mask. You can leave
this field blank; the Netstation can calculate it.
- (For SLIP only) When you use SLIP, the Netstation server
automatically responds with CSLIP
when it receives CSLIP. To initiate CSLIP, enable
[Compression (CSLIP)]
now.
- (For PPP only) If applicable, provide the
Username:
and Password:
for PPP Authentication. Note that the password cannot be
more than 15 characters.
- Click on
[Apply]
.
- Click on
[Terminal]
, then either [Serial (1)]
or [Serial (2)]
.
- Set the serial port parameters so that it works with the modem or with the
serial-line direct connection:
- Select your modem speed.
- Select
8
for data bits.
- Select
None
for parity.
- For flow control, choose
None
if XON/XOFF is set, otherwise
the configured setting will be used.
- Refer to Step 5: Connecting to the SLIP or PPP Host Computer.
To run clients on other hosts you need to configure both the
Setup menu (for SLIP or PPP) and the routing table.
You may also need to configure routing information on the hosts.
To illustrate how to configure a Netstation to use a serial-line gateway,
consider a person whose office has two
workstations and whose home has a Netstation:
- The office has two workstations, IP addresses 192.81.1.1 and
192.81.1.5, connected by a LAN.
The latter workstation has a modem connected to its serial port,
whose SLIP IP address is 192.81.2.20.
- The home Netstation, SLIP local IP address 192.81.2.23,
has a modem connected to its serial port.
The serial line network, which consists of the Netstation and
the serial-line side of one workstation, is on a
subnet that comprises IP addresses from 192.81.2.1 to 192.81.2.254.
The LAN network, which consists of the two workstations, is on a
subnet that comprises IP addresses from 192.81.1.1 to 192.81.1.254.
The subnet mask for these networks is 255.255.255.0, which indicates
these Class C networks can have 254 hosts (256 minus the two reserved
numbers,
x.x.x.255, which is the broadcast address, and x.x.x.0, which is not used
for hosts).
To configure the Netstation to operate in the above environment,
the Netstation's Setup SLIP menu or Setup PPP menu requires
the following entries:
-
Local IP Address
-
192.81.2.23
-
Remote IP Address
-
192.81.2.20
This must be the IP address of the remote device on
the serial line (the gateway).
-
Subnet Mask
-
255.255.255.0
Note:
You must use different IP addresses for SLIP and PPP.
The Gateway Table entries
indicate that the gateway leads to the rest of the network
(in this case, the workstation):
-
Gateway
-
Route to
-
192.81.2.20
-
0.0.0.0
When you have completed these entries, refer to Step 5: Connecting to the SLIP or PPP Host Computer for details.
You can use SLIP or PPP on a direct line to the host computer,
or through a modem.
To start a serial session:
To start a session through a modem, complete the following steps:
- Start a local serial hpterm or xterm session to dial and
log into the host computer.
- If you have a modem, type a dial-out
command as described in the documentation that came with your modem.
Typically, this is similar to:
ATDT 555-1234
- If you have a dial-back configuration, log in normally (giving
vt100
as your terminal type) and indicate your Netstation as
the dial-back machine.
Hang up, and wait for the callback.
- When you see a
CONNECTED
response on the remote Netstation's
serial terminal, close the terminal.
- Press and hold
[F12]
to access the configuration screens.
- Select
[Network]
, then [SLIP (1)]
, [SLIP (2)]
,
[PPP (1)]
, or [PPP (2)]
depending on whether you are using SLIP or PPP on port 1 or 2.
- Select
[Activate]
.
Note: For startup instructions for PPP, refer to Step 6: Starting PPP on the Host.
How you start SLIP on the host depends on which type of host you have:
- Log in normally.
If prompted for your terminal type, give
vt100
as your response.
- Once you have logged in, to start SLIP on the host, type:
ppl
If you have not set up ppl.users
on the host computer,
type ppl
and the Netstation's serial-line IP address.
For example:
ppl 192.81.1.3
- Click on
[Network]
, then [SLIP]
.
- Select
[Activate]
.
- Once you have started SLIP on the host, refer to Step 7: Starting Your X Session.
- Log in normally. If prompted for your terminal type,
give
vt100
as your response.
- Once you have logged in, start SLIP on the host:
- If you are using SLIP, type
sliplogin
- If you have enabled CSLIP on the
[SLIP]
configuration screen
and your connection is on /dev/ttya
,
(for Solaris 2.x, /devices/ptm/tty
), type:
slattach ttya
host_ip_address station_address
- Select
[Activate]
.
- Once you have started SLIP on the host, refer to Step 7: Starting Your X Session.
- Log in normally. If prompted for your terminal type,
give
vt100
as your response.
- Select
[Activate]
.
- Once you have started SLIP on the host, refer to Step 7: Starting Your X Session.
Note: For startup instructions for SLIP, refer to Step 6: Starting SLIP on the Host.
How you start PPP on the host depends on which type of host you have:
Note: This section explains PPP setup for customers
running HP-UX 10.30 (with native ppp support) and those running Morning Star
PPP with prior HP-UX releases.
- When you call your host from your Netstation, log into your host as you
normally would when you get the login prompt.
- Now you can initiate PPP on the host by directly invoking
the PPP daemon:
- For HP-UX 10.30 users:
/usr/bin/pppd
host_ip:netstation_ip idle 300 netmask
netmask_value
- For Morning Star PPP users:
/usr/etc/pppd
host_IP terminal_IP idle 300 netmask
netmask value
Note: A typical setup in which a host answers incoming calls for
PPP connections
usually involves creating a separate login account for the PPP user.
When the
user logs into this special account, the PPP daemon starts automatically.
For details,
refer to your HP-UX 10.30 or Morning Star PPP documentation as appropriate.
- Once you have started PPP on the host, refer to Step 7: Starting Your X Session.
- Refer to your system-specific PPP documentation for details.
- Once you have started PPP on the host, refer to Step 7: Starting Your X Session.
You can use
XDM, dtlogin
, or vuelogin
to start your serial-line
X session.
To end the SLIP or PPP session, follow these steps:
- Terminate your serial port's clients.
Note that if you choose to reset the Netstation,
you terminate both the clients on the serial connection and
those on the LAN.
- Select
[Network]
, then [SLIP (1)]
, [SLIP (2)]
,
[PPP (1)]
, or [PPP (2)]
depending on whether you are using SLIP or PPP on port 1 or 2.
- Select
[Activate]
to turn the activation off.