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Using SLIP or PPP

This chapter describes how you can set up a SLIP or a PPP session from your Netstation so that you can:

You can make two types of connections:

Loading the Necessary Extensions

To be able to set up a SLIP or PPP session from your Netstation, the following extensions must be loaded:

To have these extensions automatically loaded when each Netstation is booted, you can edit the directives file. Refer to Using Downloadable Extensions for more information about editing the directives file.

To load these extensions for a particular Netstation, follow these steps:

  1. Press and hold [F12] to access the configuration screens.

  2. Select [Terminal].

  3. Select [Extensions].

  4. Check to make sure that the SLIP, PPP, and serial lines say "Active". If these lines say anything else, follow these steps:

    1. Click on the appropriate extension line.

    2. Click on [Load Next Boot]. "Userload" appears.

    3. Repeat these two steps for each extension is not "Active".

    4. Click on [Apply].

    5. Reboot your Netstation.

Setting Up SLIP or PPP between Two Netstations

This section describes how to set up SLIP or PPP for a back-to-back configuration as illustrated below. Location A represents a networked office environment. Location B represents a remote location such as a home office.


SLIP or PPP Back-to-back Configuration


Note: Before you take the remote Netstation to its intended location, you may wish to set up the local and remote Netstations side-by-side to verify that the session works properly.

Perform the following steps:

If necessary, refer to the Optimizing Performance or SLIP and PPP Troubleshooting sections for further information.

Step 1: Gather the Necessary Equipment

Gather all necessary equipment, including:

Before you begin, make sure you:

  1. Identify one Netstation as local, the other as remote.

  2. Ensure that the remote Netstation has a flash DIMM card installed.

Step 2: Program the Flash DIMM Card

Use the Flash File Manager (ffm) to program the flash DIMM card with an appropriate fileset for the remote Netstation (for example, one of the standard packages).

Step 3: Configure the Local Netstation Parameters

On the local Netstation, do the following:

  1. Press and hold [F12] to access the configuration screens.

  2. Select [Terminal], then [Serial (1)] or [Serial (2)].

  3. Specify the baud rate, data bits, stop bits, parity, and flow control that are required by your modem.

  4. Select [Network], then [SLIP (1)], [SLIP (2)], [PPP (1)], or [PPP (2)] depending on whether you are using SLIP or PPP on port 1 or 2.

  5. Specify a local IP address and remote IP address that are unique on the LAN. On the remote Netstation, you will specify the same addresses, in reverse.

  6. Specify a subnet mask.

  7. If you are using SLIP, select [Compression (CSLIP)].

Step 4: Configure the Remote Netstation Parameters

On the remote Netstation, do the following:

  1. Press and hold [F12] to access the configuration screens.

  2. Select [Terminal], then [Serial (1)] or [Serial (2)].

  3. Specify the baud rate, data bits, stop bits, parity, and flow control that are required by your modem.

  4. Select [Network], then [SLIP (1)], [SLIP (2)], [PPP (1)], or [PPP (2)] depending on whether you are using SLIP or PPP on port 1 or 2.

  5. For the local IP address, specify the value that you specified as the remote IP address on the local Netstation.

  6. For the remote IP address, specify the value that you specified as the local IP address on the local Netstation.

  7. Specify the same subnet mask that you specified on the local Netstation.

  8. If you are using SLIP, select [Compression (CSLIP)].
    Note: If you are not using a modem, you can also select [Activate]. However, if you are using a modem, do not select [Activate] until Step 8: Set Up and Test the Modems.

  9. Select [Gateways].

  10. Specify the IP address of the local Netstation as the gateway, and 0.0.0.0 as the route.

Step 5: Configure the Modems

Make sure the modems are configured correctly:

Step 6: Boot the Netstations

If the Netstations are not already booted, boot the local Netstation from the network, and the remote Netstation from the flash DIMM. Refer to Troubleshooting the Flash DIMM if you have trouble booting the Netstation from the flash DIMM.

Step 7: Set Up Routing Information

Set up the routing information. The following example shows how you could do this for an HP-UX 9.x system.

  1. On the local Netstation, enter the following command:
    route add net remote_IP_address terminalname 1

    where remote_IP_address is the address that you specified for the remote Netstation and terminalname is the terminal name of the local Netstation.

  2. Check that the routing information is correct by typing:
    netstat -nr
    
    You should see a route to the remote Netstation through the local Netstation (with the local Netstation acting as a gateway).

Step 8: Set Up and Test the Modems

Connect the modems as follows:

  1. Connect the serial cable from one of the Netstation's serial ports to the modem.

  2. Connect the telephone line to the modem.

  3. Ensure the modem is plugged in.


Connecting the Modem

Test the modem connection as follows:

  1. From the remote Netstation, press [F12] to access the configuration screens.

  2. Check that the serial and SLIP or PPP ports are the same. For example, if you are using Serial (1), you must also use SLIP (1) or PPP (1).

  3. Start a local hpterm or xterm session.

  4. Type:
    atdt <phone number of local modem>
    

  5. When you see a CONNECTED response on the remote Netstation's serial terminal, close the terminal.

  6. Press and hold [F12] to access the configuration screens.

  7. Select [Network], then [SLIP (1)], [SLIP (2)], [PPP (1)], or [PPP (2)] depending on whether you are using SLIP or PPP on port 1 or 2.

  8. Select [Activate].

  9. When a login screen appears (approximately 35-45 seconds), log in as usual.

Optimizing Performance

When you are using SLIP or PPP with your remote Netstation, you will notice significant performance improvements if you use:

SLIP and PPP Troubleshooting

If the two Netstations cannot communicate, try the following diagnostic steps:

  1. Check that the cables to both modems are securely attached.

  2. Check that you can ping both Netstations.

  3. Check the log screens on both Netstations for errors or warning messages.

  4. Check routing information carefully (see suggested configuration above).

  5. Check that the serial sessions work before enabling SLIP or PPP on the remote Netstation. To check the serial sessions, place both Netstations in serial sessions and type in text from one. The text should appear on the opposite serial session screen.

  6. Check the serial port parameters for both Netstations.

  7. Check the SLIP or PPP parameters.

Configuring SLIP or PPP between a Host and a Netstation

This section describes how to set up a SLIP or PPP connection between a host computer and a Netstation.

Perform the following steps:


Note: These instructions apply to both SLIP and PPP, except where noted.

Step 1: Reviewing the Prerequisites

Make sure you review the following requirements:

For SLIP

In order for your host to run SLIP with an HP Netstation, the host must be capable of supporting at least SLIP. Check with your host's documentation to be sure. The following sections describe typical Netstation-to-host SLIP configurations using common SLIP packages available to each host.

For PPP

To establish a PPP connection between a host and a Netstation, the host must support PPP. Beginning with HP-UX 10.30, HP-UX includes native PPP support. For previous releases of HP-UX, many users have used the widely-available Morning Star PPP.

The example in this section uses Morning Star PPP and either of the following authentication protocols:

Step 2: Connecting the Serial Port

Connect the serial port, keeping in mind the following tips:


Note: Set the modem so that DTR is in normal mode. Do not set DTR to ON. The hang up modem command does not work if DTR is ignored.

When you have completed connecting the serial port, refer to Step 3: Setting Up SLIP or Step 3: Setting Up PPP as appropriate.

Step 3: Setting Up SLIP


Note: For setup instructions for PPP, refer to Step 3: Setting Up PPP.

You can configure SLIP for HP-UX, Sun, and IBM AIX systems. Refer to the appropriate section for details.

Setting Up SLIP on HP-UX Systems

To set up SLIP on the host computer and the Netstation, you need to complete the following tasks:
Note: HP-UX 9.x does not support CSLIP. For more information on setting up SLIP, refer to the HP AdvanceNet Using Serial Line Protocols.

  1. To edit the ppl.users file:

    1. Edit one of the following:
      • For HP-UX 9.x, /usr/lib/ppl/ppl.users
      • For HP-UX 10.x, /etc/ppl/ppl.users

    2. Add the login of the user and the identifier for the Netstation's local SLIP address using the following format:
      <username> <hostname>
      

      For example:

      smith   192.81.1.2
      jones   jones700rx
      

      The hostname can be either the Netstation's serial-line IP address or the Netstation's serial-line nodename, provided that the nodename is listed in /etc/hosts or the NIS database, or it is resolved using a domain name server.)

    3. Save and quit the file.

  2. To edit the ppl.remotes file:

    1. Edit one of the following:
      • For HP-UX 9.x, /usr/lib/ppl/ppl.remotes
      • For HP-UX 10.x, /etc/ppl/ppl.remotes

    2. Provide the information for all six fields shown in the following sample ppl.remotes file which has been edited for use with a Netstation:
      192.81.1.2  # remote host name or Internet address (HP Netstation)
      192.81.1.1  # local host name or Internet address (HP-UX host)
                       # Internet mask
      SLIP        # protocol [SLIP] [ASLIPC] [ASLIPS] [PPP]
      DIALIN      # type [DIRECT] [DIALIN] [DIALOUT] [DIALIN & DIALOUT]
                       # UUCP system name
      NONE        # line parity [EVEN] [ODD] [NONE]
                       # line speed
                       # serial line
                       # phone number
      YES          # modem control available [YES] [NO]
                       # login info
                       # command name
      

      Note:

      • The remote host name or Internet address is the Netstation's serial-line Local IP address. The local host name or Internet address is the host computer serial-line IP address (named on the Netstation as the serial-line Remote IP Address).

      • You cannot leave the remote host name field blank. The Netstation cannot use an Internet address assigned by ppl from the ppl.ipool file.

      • If you have configured the host computer so that it always runs PPL and the Netstation is connected directly through the serial port, then set modem control available to NO and set the serial line.

  3. To configure the hosts:

    1. Verify that the serial-line subnet is automatically added to the routing table of that host by typing:

      • For HP-UX 9.x systems:
        /usr/bin/netstat -r

      • For HP-UX 10.x systems:
        /usr/sbin/netstat -r

    2. To display clients from other hosts, these hosts need to know how to reach the serial-line subnet through the host running the ppl session. To provide this information to each host, you can either set up a static route or run gated, as described below:

      • To add a static route to each host, edit their /etc/netlinkrc files as follows. Add:
        /etc/route add net network_ppl_host 1 or
        /etc/route add net station_ppl_host 1

      • To propagate routing information dynamically, run the gated daemon on each host by uncommenting the gated lines in their /etc/netbsdsrc files.

      Note: To add a static route or propagate routing information on HP-UX 10.x systems, edit the /etc/rc.config/netconf file.

  4. When you complete setting up SLIP on an HP-UX system, refer to Step 4: Configuring a SLIP or PPP Session.

Setting Up SLIP on Sun Systems

To set up SLIP to work with the Netstation, you need to edit the /etc/hosts.slip file. (This is required for SLIP only, not for CSLIP.) When sliplogin runs, it finds the Netstation's serial-line IP address associated with the user's login and the connection parameters in the /etc/hosts.slip file.
Note: The instructions in this section assume that SLIP or CSLIP has been installed and enabled on the host system. SLIP and CSLIP packages are in the public domain and are available from many ftp sites. At the time this manual was published, two addresses were:
SLIP: ai.toronto.edu (128.100.1.104): pub/slip-4.0.tar.Z
CSLIP: ftp.uu.net:networking/ip/slip/cslip/cslipbeta.tar.Z

To edit the /etc/hosts.slip file on the host computer:

  1. Edit the /etc/hosts.slip file to set up your Netstations.

  2. Fill in the necessary information in the following format:
    <username> normal <hostname> <station_name> <subnet mask>
    

    where username is the login of the user, hostname is the host computer, station_name is the Netstation. The subnet mask is optional. For example:

    smith   normal   192.81.1.1   192.81.1.2   255.255.255.240
    jones   normal   sunslc      jones700rx
    

    Note: The hostname and station_name can be either the serial-line IP address or the serial-line terminal name, provided that the terminal name is listed in /etc/hosts or the Yellow Pages database, or it is resolved using a domain name server.

  3. Now that you have completed setting up SLIP on your Sun system, refer to Step 4: Configuring a SLIP or PPP Session.

Setting Up SLIP on IBM AIX Systems

To set up SLIP on an IBM system, you need to configure:

  1. To configure the tty for serial port 1 to get the best performance from your Netstation, follow these steps:

    1. As superuser, run smit

    2. Choose: Devices

    3. Choose: TTY

    4. Choose: Change / Show Characteristics of a TTY

    5. Select: tty0 Available 00-00-S1-00 Asynchronous Terminal

    6. Select: Enable LOGIN and set to disable

    7. Set the BAUD rate to a value appropriate for your system.
      • If you have a direct connection, try 38400.
      • If you have a modem, choose an appropriate value.

    8. Click on [OK].

  2. To configure the RS/6000 to know about the Netstation's serial line IP address:

    1. As superuser, run smit.

    2. Choose: Communications Applications and Services.

    3. Choose: TCP/IP.

    4. Choose: Further Configuration.

    5. Choose: Name Resolution.

    6. Choose: Hosts Table (/etc/hosts).

    7. Choose: Add a Host.

    8. Fill in the INTERNET ADDRESS and HOST NAME fields. (See the note that follows.)

    9. Click on [OK].

    Note: If your Netstation gets its X server code from a network, you need to set up the Netstation's routing table so that the Netstation can communicate both over the LAN and over the serial line. Setting up the routing table is easiest if the LAN and the serial line are on different networks.

  3. To configure the RS/6000's serial port interface:

    1. As superuser, run smit.

    2. Choose: Communications Applications and Services

    3. Choose: TCP/IP

    4. Choose: Further Configuration

    5. Choose: Network Interfaces

    6. Choose: Network Interface Selection

    7. Choose: Add a Network Interface

    8. Choose: Add a Serial Line INTERNET Network Interface

    9. Select: tty0

    10. Fill in:
      • INTERNET ADDRESS
      • DESTINATION
      • Network MASK fields.

    11. Set the following:
      • ACTIVATE the Interface after Creating it? should be set to yes
      • TTY PORT for SLIP Network Interface should be set to tty0.

    12. If you use a modem, fill in the BAUD RATE and DIAL STRING fields. Otherwise, leave both blank.

    13. Click on [OK].

  4. Refer to Step 4: Configuring a SLIP or PPP Session.

Step 3: Setting Up PPP


Note: For setup instructions for SLIP, refer to Step 3: Setting Up SLIP.
You can set up your PPP session for HP-UX, Sun, and IBM AIX systems. Refer to the appropriate section for details.

Setting Up PPP on an HP-UX System

If you are using a version of HP-UX that is prior to HP-UX 10.30, you need to install the Morning Star PPP package. Beginning with HP-UX 10.30, PPP support is included with the HP-UX installation.

To set up PPP on your HP-UX system, you need to complete the following tasks:

  1. Determine which serial ports on the host are going to be used for answering incoming calls.

  2. Connect your modem to this serial port.

  3. Log into your host as root.

  4. At the prompt, type: sam.

  5. When sam starts, complete the following:

    1. Select [Peripheral Devices].

    2. Select [Terminals and Modems].

    3. Under the [Actions] menu, select [Add Modem].

    4. Select the options you want for this serial port. In this example, the host will be receiving incoming PPP calls, so enable the Receive Incoming Calls option. Be sure to set the baud rate to a speed that matches your modem.
      Note: When selecting baud rates greater than 19200bps, it is important that you turn on hardware flow control. If you do not, there may be packet losses and errors in transmission over the serial device. On the host side, you can access the serial devices in the /dev directory. Typically, a serial device will be named something similar to /dev/ttyd0p1 for a serial port connected to a modem. In an HP-UX environment, the hardware flow-control can only be turned on by creating a new device file under /dev using the mknod command.

    5. When you have finished selecting the options, click on the [OK] button. sam creates the appropriate device files under /dev for your serial port.

Note: If your version of getty will not automatically answer incoming calls, you will have to configure the appropriate modem DIP switch to automatically answer incoming calls. Consult your HP-UX and modem documentation for details.

Your HP-UX system is now configured to accept incoming calls. Ensure that your modem is connected to the phone lines. You can call this modem now (from a terminal emulator or PC) and get a login prompt to your workstation. Refer to Step 4: Configuring a SLIP or PPP Session.

Setting Up PPP on a Sun or IBM AIX System

  1. To set up PPP, refer to your system-specific PPP documentation.

  2. When you are finished, refer to Step 4: Configuring a SLIP or PPP Session.

Step 4: Configuring a SLIP or PPP Session

To configure a SLIP or PPP session from the Netstation, you will need to complete the following steps:

  1. Load the X server from the LAN or from a flash DIMM.

  2. Press and hold [F12] to access the configuration screens.

  3. Click on [Network].

  4. Click on [SLIP (1)], [SLIP (2)], [PPP (1)], or [PPP (2)] depending on whether you are using SLIP or PPP on port 1 or 2.

  5. Enter the serial line network information.
    Note: The instructions below assume that you want to communicate with the host on the other side of the serial line. If you are connecting to other hosts, see Connecting to Other Hosts through the Serial Line.

    1. For Local IP Address, type in the Netstation's serial-line IP address.

    2. For Remote IP Address, type in the host computer serial-line IP address.

    3. For Subnet mask, type in the serial-line subnet mask. You can leave this field blank; the Netstation can calculate it.

  6. Click on [Apply].

  7. Click on [Terminal], then either [Serial (1)] or [Serial (2)].

  8. Set the serial port parameters so that it works with the modem or with the serial-line direct connection:

    1. Select your modem speed.

    2. Select 8 for data bits.

    3. Select None for parity.

    4. For flow control, choose None if XON/XOFF is set, otherwise the configured setting will be used.

  9. Refer to Step 5: Connecting to the SLIP or PPP Host Computer.

Connecting to Other Hosts through the Serial Line

To run clients on other hosts you need to configure both the Setup menu (for SLIP or PPP) and the routing table. You may also need to configure routing information on the hosts.

To illustrate how to configure a Netstation to use a serial-line gateway, consider a person whose office has two workstations and whose home has a Netstation:

The serial line network, which consists of the Netstation and the serial-line side of one workstation, is on a subnet that comprises IP addresses from 192.81.2.1 to 192.81.2.254. The LAN network, which consists of the two workstations, is on a subnet that comprises IP addresses from 192.81.1.1 to 192.81.1.254.

The subnet mask for these networks is 255.255.255.0, which indicates these Class C networks can have 254 hosts (256 minus the two reserved numbers, x.x.x.255, which is the broadcast address, and x.x.x.0, which is not used for hosts).

To configure the Netstation to operate in the above environment, the Netstation's Setup SLIP menu or Setup PPP menu requires the following entries:

Local IP Address
192.81.2.23
Remote IP Address
192.81.2.20 This must be the IP address of the remote device on the serial line (the gateway).
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0

Note: You must use different IP addresses for SLIP and PPP.

The Gateway Table entries indicate that the gateway leads to the rest of the network (in this case, the workstation):

Gateway
Route to
192.81.2.20
0.0.0.0

When you have completed these entries, refer to Step 5: Connecting to the SLIP or PPP Host Computer for details.

Step 5: Connecting to the SLIP or PPP Host Computer

You can use SLIP or PPP on a direct line to the host computer, or through a modem. To start a serial session:

Establishing a Connection through a Modem

To start a session through a modem, complete the following steps:

  1. Start a local serial hpterm or xterm session to dial and log into the host computer.

  2. If you have a modem, type a dial-out command as described in the documentation that came with your modem. Typically, this is similar to:
    ATDT 555-1234
    

  3. If you have a dial-back configuration, log in normally (giving vt100 as your terminal type) and indicate your Netstation as the dial-back machine. Hang up, and wait for the callback.

  4. When you see a CONNECTED response on the remote Netstation's serial terminal, close the terminal.

  5. Press and hold [F12] to access the configuration screens.

  6. Select [Network], then [SLIP (1)], [SLIP (2)], [PPP (1)], or [PPP (2)] depending on whether you are using SLIP or PPP on port 1 or 2.

  7. Select [Activate].

Step 6: Starting SLIP on the Host


Note: For startup instructions for PPP, refer to Step 6: Starting PPP on the Host.

How you start SLIP on the host depends on which type of host you have:

Starting SLIP on HP-UX Hosts

  1. Log in normally. If prompted for your terminal type, give vt100 as your response.

  2. Once you have logged in, to start SLIP on the host, type: ppl

    If you have not set up ppl.users on the host computer, type ppl and the Netstation's serial-line IP address. For example: ppl 192.81.1.3

  3. Click on [Network], then [SLIP].

  4. Select [Activate].

  5. Once you have started SLIP on the host, refer to Step 7: Starting Your X Session.

Starting SLIP on Sun Hosts

  1. Log in normally. If prompted for your terminal type, give vt100 as your response.

  2. Once you have logged in, start SLIP on the host:

  3. Select [Activate].

  4. Once you have started SLIP on the host, refer to Step 7: Starting Your X Session.

When You Have a Connection on IBM AIX Hosts

  1. Log in normally. If prompted for your terminal type, give vt100 as your response.

  2. Select [Activate].

  3. Once you have started SLIP on the host, refer to Step 7: Starting Your X Session.

Step 6: Starting PPP on the Host


Note: For startup instructions for SLIP, refer to Step 6: Starting SLIP on the Host.

How you start PPP on the host depends on which type of host you have:

Starting PPP on HP-UX Hosts


Note: This section explains PPP setup for customers running HP-UX 10.30 (with native ppp support) and those running Morning Star PPP with prior HP-UX releases.

  1. When you call your host from your Netstation, log into your host as you normally would when you get the login prompt.

  2. Now you can initiate PPP on the host by directly invoking the PPP daemon:
    Note: A typical setup in which a host answers incoming calls for PPP connections usually involves creating a separate login account for the PPP user. When the user logs into this special account, the PPP daemon starts automatically. For details, refer to your HP-UX 10.30 or Morning Star PPP documentation as appropriate.

  3. Once you have started PPP on the host, refer to Step 7: Starting Your X Session.

Starting PPP on Sun or IBM AIX Hosts

  1. Refer to your system-specific PPP documentation for details.

  2. Once you have started PPP on the host, refer to Step 7: Starting Your X Session.

Step 7: Starting Your X Session

You can use XDM, dtlogin, or vuelogin to start your serial-line X session.

Ending the Session

To end the SLIP or PPP session, follow these steps:

  1. Terminate your serial port's clients. Note that if you choose to reset the Netstation, you terminate both the clients on the serial connection and those on the LAN.

  2. Select [Network], then [SLIP (1)], [SLIP (2)], [PPP (1)], or [PPP (2)] depending on whether you are using SLIP or PPP on port 1 or 2.

  3. Select [Activate] to turn the activation off.

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